JAMB Commerce Syllabus 2025 UTME and Recommended Textbooks

JAMB Commerce Syllabus 2025 with Recommended Textbooks, Topics, and Objectives. JAMB SYLLABUS COMMERCE FOR UNIFIED TERTIARY MATRICULATION EXAMINATION (UTME), Get the full JAMB UTME Syllabus for Commerce 2025. Download now for exam success!

General Objectives

The Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Commerce is designed to prepare candidates for the examination by assessing their understanding of key commercial principles. The objectives of this syllabus are to enable candidates to:

1. Acquire foundational knowledge of Commerce.
2. Understand the relationship between Commerce and related disciplines.
3. Apply commercial principles within the Nigerian economic framework.
4. Appreciate the evolving nature of commercial activities.

See also: JAMB Christian Religious Studies Syllabus 2025 and Textbooks

Detailed Syllabus

1. Commerce

Topics:

• Meaning and Scope of Commerce
• Characteristics of Commerce
• Functions of Commerce

Objectives: Candidates should be able to:

• Differentiate between Commerce and related subjects.
• Describe the characteristics of Commerce.
• Identify the functions of Commerce.

2. Occupation

Topics:

• Meaning and Importance of Occupation
• Types of Occupation (Industrial, Commercial, and Services)
• Factors Determining the Choice of Occupation

Objectives: Candidates should be able to:

• State the importance of occupation.
• Compare the different types of occupation.
• Identify the factors that influence the choice of an occupation.

3. Production

Topics:

• Factors of Production (Land, Labour, Capital, and Entrepreneurship)
• Characteristics and Rewards of Production Factors
• Division of Labour and Specialization
• Types of Production (Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary)

Objectives: Candidates should be able to:

• Identify the factors of production and their rewards.
• Distinguish between Division of Labour and Specialization.
• Classify the different types of production.

JAMB Commerce Syllabus 2025: Topics, Objectives & Recommended Textbooks

4. Trade

A. Home Trade

• Retail Trade

  • Types of retailers
  • Functions of retailers
  • Factors to consider when setting up retail trade
  • Trends in retailing (branding, self-service, vending machines, the use of luncheon and fuel vouchers, etc.)
  • Advantages and disadvantages of retail trade

• Wholesale Trade

  • Types of wholesalers (merchant, agent, general, etc.)
  • Functions of wholesalers
  • Advantages and disadvantages of wholesalers

B. Foreign Trade

• Key Concepts in Foreign Trade

  • Balance of trade
  • Balance of payments
  • Countertrade

• Foreign Trade Procedures and Documentation

  • Documents used in export, import, and entrepôt trade

• Barriers to International Trade

• Roles of Government Agencies

  • Customs and Excise Authority
  • Ports Authority, etc.

OBJECTIVES:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Compare the various types of retailers.
2. Identify the functions of retailers.
3. Highlight key factors in setting up retail businesses.
4. Classify modern retailing trends.
5. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of retail businesses.
6. Classify the types of wholesalers.
7. Discuss the functions of wholesalers.
8. Outline the merits and demerits of wholesalers as middlemen.
9. Analyze the basic issues in foreign trade.
10. Explain the procedures and documents used in foreign trade.
11. Identify barriers to international trade.
12. Assess the role of government agencies in regulating foreign trade.

5. Purchase and Sale of Goods

A. Trade Procedures and Documentation

• Key documents used in trade transactions:
  • Enquiry
  • Quotation
  • Order
  • Invoice
  • Proforma invoice
  • Statement of accounts
  • Indent
  • Consular invoice
  • Bill of lading
  • Certificate of origin
  • Consignment note

B. Terms of Trade

• Trade discount
• Quantity discount
• Cash discount
• Warranties
• C.O.D. (Cash on Delivery)
• C.I.F. (Cost, Insurance & Freight)
• F.O.B. (Free on Board)
• E.O.E. (Errors and Omissions Excepted)

C. Methods of Payment

• Cash Payment

  • Use of legal tender

• Credit Payment

  • Types and functions of credit
  • Merits and demerits of credit transactions

OBJECTIVES:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Understand the procedures and documents used in the purchase and sale of goods.
2. Explain various terms of trade.
3. Differentiate between cash and credit payment methods.
4. Identify the different types of credit.
5. Analyze the merits and demerits of credit transactions.

JAMB Commerce Syllabus 2025: Aids to Trade

6. Aids to Trade

A. Advertising

• Types of Advertising & Media
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertising

B. Banking

• Types of Banks
• Banking Services
• Challenges Facing Banks

C. Communication

• Process and Procedure
• Types of Communication
• Trends in Communication (Courier Services, GSM, etc.)
• Merits and Demerits of Communication
• Barriers to Effective Communication

D. Insurance

• Types of Insurance
• Principles of Insurance
• Insurance Terms
• Importance of Insurance

E. Tourism

• Importance of Tourism
• Agencies That Promote Tourism in Nigeria
• Challenges Facing Tourism in Nigeria

F. Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Importance of Transportation
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Transport Systems

G. Warehousing

• Importance of Warehousing
• Types and Functions of Warehouses
• Factors to Consider When Siting a Warehouse

OBJECTIVES

Candidates should be able to:

1. Advertising:

   • Identify different types of advertising and media.
   • Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of advertising.

2. Banking:

   • Categorize different types of banks.
   • Assess banking services.
   • Identify challenges facing banks.

3. Communication:

   • Assess the different stages of the communication process.
   • Analyze types of communication.
   • Evaluate the contributions of courier services, GSM, etc., to businesses.
   • State the merits and demerits of communication.
   • Outline barriers to effective communication.

4. Insurance:

   • Describe different types of insurance.
   • Apply insurance principles to real-life situations.
   • Explain key insurance terms.
   • State the importance of insurance.

5. Tourism:

   • Examine the importance of tourism.
   • Identify the agencies that promote tourism in Nigeria.
   • Analyze challenges affecting tourism in Nigeria.

6. Transportation:

   • Appraise various modes of transportation.
   • List the importance of transportation.
   • Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of transportation.

7. Warehousing:

   • Highlight the importance of warehousing.
   • Appraise the role of warehouses in business.
   • Evaluate factors that influence the siting of warehouses.

Business Units, Finance & Legal Aspects

7. Business Units

Topics:

• Forms and Features:
  • Sole Proprietorship
  • Partnership
  • Limited Liability Companies
  • Public Corporations
  • Cooperative Societies, etc.
• Business Registration Procedures
• Business Mergers
• Choice of Business Units
• Dissolution and Liquidation of Businesses
• Merits and Demerits of Business Units

Objectives:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Identify various business units and their features.
2. Explain business registration procedures.
3. Analyze different types of business mergers and their reasons.
4. Examine factors determining the choice of business units.
5. Differentiate between dissolution and liquidation of businesses.
6. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different business structures.

8. Financing Business

Topics:

• Sources of Finance:
  • Personal savings
  • Sale of shares and bonds
  • Loans, debentures, mortgage
  • Bank overdraft
  • Ploughing back of profits
  • Credit purchase, leasing, etc.
• Types of Capital:
  • Share capital, owned capital
  • Authorized, issued, called-up, and paid-up capital
  • Liquid capital, working capital, and owner’s equity
• Calculation of Capital, Profits (Gross and Net), and Turnover
• Problems of Sourcing Finance
• Role of Bureau de Change in an Economy

Objectives:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Identify various business financing options.
2. Discuss different types of capital.
3. Calculate capital, profits, and turnover.
4. Examine challenges in sourcing business finance.
5. Evaluate the role of Bureau de Change in an economy.

9. Trade Associations

Topics:

• Objectives and Functions of Trade & Manufacturer’s Associations:
  • Cocoa Farmers’ Association
  • Garri Sellers’ Association
  • Poultry Farmers’ Association, etc.
• Objectives and Functions of Chambers of Commerce

Objectives:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Explain the roles of trade and manufacturers’ associations.
2. Discuss the objectives and functions of Chambers of Commerce.

10. Money

Topics:

• Evolution of Money
• Forms and Qualities of Money
• Functions of Money

Objectives:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Discuss the origin and evolution of money.
2. Identify the different forms and qualities of money.
3. Analyze the functions of money in an economy.

11. Stock Exchange

Topics:

• Importance and Functions of the Stock Exchange
• Types of Securities Traded (Stocks, Shares, Bonds, Debentures, etc.)
• Stock Exchange Transactions and Speculations
• Second-Tier Securities Market:
  • Listing Requirements
  • Types of Companies Eligible
  • Advantages and Operating Regulations

Objectives:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Explain the importance and functions of the Stock Exchange.
2. Identify different securities traded on the Stock Exchange.
3. Analyze stock market transactions and speculation processes.
4. Evaluate the benefits and regulations of the Second-Tier Securities Market.

12. Elements of Business Management

Topics:

• Functions of Management:
  • Planning, Organizing, Staffing
  • Coordinating, Motivating, Communicating
  • Controlling
• Principles of Management:
  • Span of Control
  • Unity of Command
  • Delegation of Authority, etc.
• Organizational Structures:
  • Line, Line and Staff, Functional, Matrix, and Committee Structures
• Functional Areas of Business:
  • Production, Marketing, Finance, and Personnel
• Business Resources:
  • Human Resources, Financial Resources
  • Material Resources, Machinery
  • Opportunities and Goodwill

Objectives:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Understand the key functions of business management.
2. Analyze fundamental management principles.
3. Identify different organizational structures.
4. Examine core functional areas of a business.
5. Assess the importance of business resources.

13. Elements of Marketing

Topics:

• Importance and Functions of Marketing
• Marketing Concept:
  • Consumer Orientation
  • Customer Satisfaction
  • Integrated Marketing
• Marketing Mix (4Ps):
  • Product, Price, Place, Promotion
• Market Segmentation
• Public Relations and Customer Service

Objectives:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Highlight the significance and functions of marketing.
2. Discuss the core marketing concept.
3. Analyze the elements of the marketing mix.
4. Explain the role of market segmentation.
5. Evaluate public relations and customer service strategies.

14. Legal Aspects of Business

Topics:

• Meaning and Validity of a Simple Contract
• Business Laws & Regulations:
  • Agency Law
  • Sale of Goods Act
  • Hire Purchase Act
• Employment Laws:
  • Contracts of Employment
  • Employer & Employee Rights and Obligations
• Government Regulation of Business:
  • Business Registration
  • Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights
• Consumer Protection and Rights

Objectives:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Understand the essential elements and validity of a simple contract.
2. Analyze the key business laws, including Agency, Sale of Goods Act, and Hire Purchase Act.
3. Examine the rights and responsibilities of employers and employees.
4. Differentiate between patents, trademarks, and copyrights.
5. Identify consumer rights and the role of consumer protection laws.

15. Consumer Protection and Regulatory Agencies

Topics:

• Consumer Protection Measures:
  • Government Legislation and Policies
  • Trade Descriptions Act
  • Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON)
  • Consumer Protection Laws
  • Role of NDLEA, Customs and Excise, NAFDAC, etc.
• Regulatory Agencies and Their Functions

Objectives:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Assess the role of regulatory agencies in ensuring safe goods and services.
2. Analyze the impact of consumer protection laws on business activities.
3. Examine the functions of key regulatory bodies like SON, NAFDAC, NDLEA, and Customs and Excise.

16. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Topics:

a. Computer:

• Appreciation and Application
• Types and Functions
• Merits and Demerits
• Challenges of ICT

b. ICT Terminologies:

• Internet, Intranet, Browsing
• Password, Email, Search Engines (Google, Yahoo, etc.)
• Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN)

c. ICT in Business:

• E-commerce
• E-banking
• E-business

Objectives:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Discuss computer appreciation and its applications in business.
2. Identify various types and functions of computers.
3. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of ICT.
4. Evaluate the challenges associated with ICT in business operations.
5. Define and explain common ICT terms.
6. Examine trends in ICT and their impact on commerce.

17. Business and Social Responsibility

Topics:

• Business Environment:
  • Legal, Political, Economic, Social, Cultural, and Technological Influences
• Social Responsibility:
  • Safe Products and Ethical Business Practices
  • Philanthropy and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
• Environmental Considerations:
  • Types and Implications of Pollution (Water, Air, Land, etc.)

Objectives:

Candidates should be able to:

1. Discuss the various types of business environments.
2. Assess the role of the social environment in ensuring the production of safe products.
3. Identify the different types of pollution and their impact on businesses.

Recommended Textbooks for JAMB Commerce 2025

Here is a list of recommended textbooks for JAMB Commerce 2025 to help candidates prepare effectively:

1. Anderson, I. J. (1978) – Commerce for West Africa, London: Macmillan.
2. Ahukannah, L. I. et al (1992) – Commerce for Secondary Schools, Onitsha: Africana – First Publishers.
3. Asaolu, A. and Igwe, P. M. (2005) – New Syllabus Commerce for Secondary Schools, Books 1-3 (Second Edition), Ibadan: Evans.
4. Babatunde, A. H. (1999) – Handbook on Commerce for Schools and Colleges (First Edition), Global Publications.
5. Eriki, P. O. (1998) – Working with Computer, Benin: Bofic Publishers.
6. French, C. S. (2000) – Computer Science (Fifth Edition), Britain: Ashford.
7. Ibru, G. M. (2004) – Nigeria: The Promise of Tourism, Lagos: G.S.L. Publishing Limited.
8. Igwe, P. M. et al (2004) – Countdown to WASSCE/SSCE/NECO/JME Commerce, Ibadan: Evans.
9. James, A. F. et al (1996) – Management (Sixth Edition), New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
10. Nwachukwu, C. C. (1999) – Management Theory and Practice, Onitsha: Africana – First Publishers.
11. Odedokun, M. O. et al (1999) – Commerce for Senior Secondary Schools, Books 1-3, Lagos: Longman.
12. Odoom, F. F. (1998) – Commerce for Senior Secondary Schools, Books 1-3, Ibadan: Onibonoje.
13. Onifade, A. (2001) – Management: Office Business Education, Abeokuta: KAPPCO.
14. Onifade, A. (2002) – The Computer for Word Processing and Internet, Abeokuta: KAPPCO.
15. Onu, A. J. C. (2000) – Marketing Today, Abuja: Precious Treasures Ltd.
16. Pallister, J. and Isaacs, A. (eds) (2002) – A Dictionary of Business (Third Edition), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
17. Ubaka, O. A. (2012) – Commerce Simplified for SSS 1-3, WAEC, NECO, JAMB & NABTEB Exams, Garki, Abuja: Andyson Millennium Concepts Ltd.

These books cover important topics such as Trade, Business Management, Marketing, ICT, Consumer Protection, and Stock Exchange, ensuring comprehensive preparation for the JAMB Commerce 2025 exam. 📚✨