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General Objectives
The Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) Economics syllabus is designed to assess candidates’ understanding of key economic principles, concepts, and applications. The primary objectives of this syllabus are to enable candidates to:
- Demonstrate a solid grasp of basic economic concepts, analytical tools, and their practical applications.
- Identify and explain the structures, operations, and roles of national and international economic institutions.
- Understand and describe fundamental economic activities, including production, distribution, and consumption.
- Recognize and evaluate prevalent economic issues affecting society.
- Develop problem-solving skills to address economic challenges effectively.
Detailed Syllabus
1. Economics as a Science
Key Concepts:
- Fundamental economic terms: wants, scarcity, choice, scale of preference, opportunity cost, rational decision-making, production, distribution, and consumption.
- The Economic Problem: Understanding what to produce, how to produce, for whom to produce, and the efficiency of resource allocation.
- Production Possibility Frontier (PPF): Application in addressing economic issues.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Differentiate between various economic concepts and their real-life applications.
- Interpret graphs, schedules, and diagrams related to economic concepts.
- Identify fundamental economic problems and suggest practical solutions.
2. Economic Systems
Key Topics:
- Types of economic systems: Free Market Economy, Centrally Planned Economy, and Mixed Economy – their characteristics and differences.
- Solutions to economic problems under each system.
- Contemporary Issues in economic systems, such as privatization, deregulation, and globalization.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Compare different types of economic systems and their features.
- Apply economic system principles to contemporary issues in Nigeria and globally.
- Suggest possible solutions to economic problems under each system.
3. Methods and Tools of Economic Analysis
Key Topics:
a. Scientific Approach:
- Inductive and Deductive Methods – Understanding how economic theories and principles are developed.
- Positive and Normative Reasoning – Differentiating between factual economic analysis (positive economics) and opinion-based economic perspectives (normative economics).
b. Basic Tools of Economic Analysis:
- Data Representation: Tables, charts, and graphs.
- Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, median, and mode – definitions and applications.
- Measures of Dispersion: Variance, standard deviation, range – calculations and uses.
- Merits and Demerits of Economic Tools: Evaluating the strengths and limitations of statistical tools in economic analysis.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Differentiate between inductive and deductive reasoning in economics.
- Apply positive and normative reasoning to real-life economic situations.
- Utilize tables, charts, and graphs to interpret economic data.
- Calculate and analyze economic data using measures of central tendency and dispersion.
- Assess the advantages and limitations of different economic analysis tools.
4. The Theory of Demand
Key Topics:
a. Understanding Demand:
- Definition and Determinants: Factors affecting consumer demand for goods and services.
- Demand Schedules and Curves: Graphical representation of demand.
- Change in Quantity Demanded vs. Change in Demand: Differences and implications.
b. Types of Demand:
- Composite Demand: Goods used for multiple purposes (e.g., sugar for consumption and industrial use).
- Derived Demand: Demand dependent on another good or service (e.g., demand for labor depends on demand for goods produced).
- Competitive Demand: Substitutes (e.g., tea and coffee).
- Joint Demand: Complementary goods (e.g., cars and fuel).
c. Elasticity of Demand:
- Types of Elasticity:
- Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) – responsiveness of demand to price changes.
- Income Elasticity of Demand (YED) – effect of income changes on demand.
- Cross Elasticity of Demand (XED) – effect of price changes of one good on another.
- Measurement and Interpretation: Elasticity coefficients and real-life applications.
d. Importance of Elasticity of Demand:
- For Consumers: How elasticity affects purchasing decisions.
- For Producers: Pricing strategies based on demand responsiveness.
- For Government: Taxation, price controls, and policy implications.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Identify the factors influencing demand.
- Interpret demand schedules and curves.
- Differentiate between a change in quantity demanded and a change in demand.
- Explain and compare different types of demand and their interrelationships.
- Relate the determinants to the nature of demand elasticity.
- Compute price, income, and cross elasticity of demand.
- Analyze elasticity coefficients and apply them to real-life scenarios.
5. The Theory of Consumer Behaviour
Key Topics:
a. Basic Concepts:
- Utility: Understanding cardinal and ordinal utility, total utility, average utility, and marginal utility.
- Indifference Curve and Budget Line: Analyzing consumer preferences and budget constraints.
b. The Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility and Its Relationship to Demand:
- Explanation of how additional units of a good provide less satisfaction over time.
c. Consumer Equilibrium:
- Using Indifference Curve and Marginal Analysis to determine optimal consumption.
d. Effects of Shifts in the Budget Line and Indifference Curve:
- Income and Substitution Effects – How changes in income and prices affect consumer choices.
e. Consumer Surplus and Its Applications:
- Understanding the difference between what consumers are willing to pay and what they actually pay.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Explain the different utility concepts and their applications.
- Apply the law of demand using marginal utility analysis.
- Use indifference curve and marginal analyses to determine consumer equilibrium.
- Relate income and substitution effects to consumer behavior.
- Apply the concept of consumer surplus in real-life situations.
6. The Theory of Supply
Key Topics:
a. Understanding Supply:
- Definition and Determinants of Supply – Factors affecting the quantity of goods supplied.
- Supply Schedules and Supply Curves – Graphical representations of supply relationships.
- Distinction Between Change in Quantity Supplied and Change in Supply – Understanding shifts vs. movements along the curve.
b. Types of Supply:
- Joint/Complementary Supply: Goods that are produced together (e.g., beef and leather).
- Competitive Supply: Goods that compete for the same resources (e.g., wheat and corn).
- Composite Supply: Goods that can serve multiple purposes (e.g., crude oil used for fuel and chemicals).
c. Elasticity of Supply:
- Determinants of Supply Elasticity – Factors affecting the responsiveness of supply to price changes.
- Measurement and Calculation of Elasticity – Formula and interpretation.
- Applications of Supply Elasticity – How businesses and governments use supply elasticity concepts.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Identify factors that determine supply.
- Interpret supply curves from supply schedules.
- Differentiate between change in quantity supplied and change in supply.
- Compare different types of supply and their relationships.
- Relate supply determinants to the nature of elasticity.
- Compute elasticity coefficients.
- Analyze elasticity coefficients and apply them to real-world economic situations.
7. The Theory of Price Determination
Key Topics:
a. Understanding Market and Price Concepts:
- Definition of Market and Price – Role of market forces in price determination.
b. Functions of the Price System:
- Resource Allocation: How prices guide production and consumption.
- Signaling and Incentives: How price changes influence business and consumer decisions.
c. Equilibrium Price and Quantity:
- Interaction of Demand and Supply – How equilibrium price and quantity are determined in product and factor markets.
d. Government Interference in Price Mechanism:
- Price Controls (Minimum and Maximum Prices): Effects of government intervention in fixing prices.
- Subsidies and Taxes: Their impact on equilibrium price and quantity.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Explain market and price concepts.
- Evaluate the functions of the price system in an economy.
- Analyze how demand and supply determine equilibrium price and quantity.
- Assess the effects of government policies (price ceilings, price floors, taxes, and subsidies) on price determination.
8. The Theory of Production
Key Topics:
a. Meaning and Types of Production
- Definition of Production – The process of creating goods and services.
- Types of Production:
- Primary Production – Extraction of natural resources (agriculture, fishing, mining).
- Secondary Production – Manufacturing and industrial processing.
- Tertiary Production – Services such as banking, education, and transport.
b. Concepts of Production and Their Relationships
- Total Product (TP), Average Product (AP), and Marginal Product (MP).
- The Law of Variable Proportions – Explaining how output changes when one factor is varied while others remain fixed.
c. Division of Labour and Specialization
- Types of Specialization:
- By Process – Workers focus on specific tasks in production.
- By Product – Countries or firms focus on specific industries.
- By Trade – Specialization based on professional skills.
d. Scale of Production
- Internal and External Economies of Scale:
- Internal: Managerial, technical, financial, risk-bearing, etc.
- External: Infrastructure, government policies, supplier concentration, etc.
e. Production Functions and Returns to Scale
- Constant, Increasing, and Decreasing Returns to Scale.
f. Producer’s Equilibrium
- Isoquant-Isocost Analysis and Marginal Analysis.
g. Factors Affecting Productivity
- Availability of Resources, Technology, Education, Training, and Government Policies.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Relate TP, AP, and MP to the Law of Variable Proportions.
- Compare internal and external economies of scale and their effects.
- Identify the types of production functions.
- Differentiate between types of returns to scale and their implications.
- Determine producer equilibrium using isoquant-isocost and marginal analysis.
- Identify factors affecting productivity in production.
9. Theory of Costs and Revenue
Key Topics:
a. Concepts of Cost
- Fixed Cost (FC), Variable Cost (VC), Total Cost (TC), Average Cost (AC), and Marginal Cost (MC).
b. Concepts of Revenue
- Total Revenue (TR), Average Revenue (AR), and Marginal Revenue (MR).
c. Accountants’ and Economists’ Notions of Cost
- Accountants’ View: Explicit costs (recorded in financial statements).
- Economists’ View: Both explicit and implicit costs (opportunity cost included).
d. Short-Run and Long-Run Costs
- Short-Run: Some factors of production are fixed.
- Long-Run: All factors are variable, allowing for changes in production scale.
e. Relationship Between Marginal Cost and the Firm’s Supply Curve
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Explain various cost concepts and their applications.
- Differentiate between accountants’ and economists’ definitions of cost.
- Interpret short-run and long-run cost curves.
- Establish the relationship between marginal cost and the supply curve.
- Explain the various revenue concepts and their relevance in business decision-making.
10. Market Structures
Key Topics:
a. Perfect Competition
- Definition and Characteristics – Large number of buyers and sellers, homogenous products, price takers, free entry and exit, perfect knowledge.
b. Imperfect Market Structures
- Monopoly – Single seller, price maker, restricted entry.
- Monopolistic Competition – Many firms, differentiated products, free entry.
- Oligopoly – Few firms dominate, interdependent decision-making, barriers to entry.
c. Price and Output Determination Under Different Market Structures
- Demand and Supply in Different Market Forms.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Analyze the assumptions and characteristics of a perfectly competitive market.
- Compare the features of different market structures (perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly).
- Evaluate how price and output are determined under various market conditions.
11. National Income
Key Topics:
a. Concepts and Measurement of National Income
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- Gross National Product (GNP)
- Net National Product (NNP)
- National Income (NI)
- Methods of Measuring National Income:
- Income Approach
- Expenditure Approach
- Output Approach
- Problems Associated with Measuring National Income
b. Uses and Limitations of National Income Estimates
- Uses: Economic planning, policy formulation, standard of living comparisons.
- Limitations: Informal sector activities, inflation, data accuracy, exchange rate issues.
c. The Circular Flow of Income
- Two-Sector and Three-Sector Models
- Leakages and Injections in the Economy
d. Concepts of Consumption, Investment, and Savings
e. The Multiplier Effect and Equilibrium National Income
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Identify major national income concepts.
- Compare different methods of measuring national income and their challenges.
- Assess the uses and limitations of national income estimates.
- Explain the circular flow of income using two-sector and three-sector models.
- Calculate and interpret the multiplier effect.
- Explain consumption, investment, and savings and their roles in economic growth.
12. Money and Inflation
Key Topics:
a. Money: Meaning, Types, and Functions
- Types of Money: Commodity, fiat, fiduciary, digital currency.
- Characteristics of Money: Durability, portability, divisibility, acceptability.
- Functions of Money: Medium of exchange, unit of account, store of value, standard for deferred payments.
b. Demand and Supply of Money
- Factors Affecting the Demand for Money
- Determinants of Money Supply
c. The Quantity Theory of Money (Fisher’s Equation)
- MV = PQ (Money Supply × Velocity = Price Level × Quantity of Goods & Services).
d. Value of Money and Price Level
- Relationship Between Money Supply and Inflation.
e. Inflation
- Types: Demand-pull, cost-push, hyperinflation.
- Measurement: Consumer Price Index (CPI).
- Effects and Control Measures: Monetary policy, fiscal policy, wage and price controls.
f. Deflation
- Causes, Measurement, Effects, and Control Measures.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Explain the types, characteristics, and functions of money.
- Identify factors affecting money demand and supply.
- Examine the relationship between money value and price levels.
- Apply the Quantity Theory of Money in real-life situations.
- Analyze the causes and effects of inflation and evaluate inflation control measures.
- Calculate and interpret the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
- Examine the causes, effects, and control measures of deflation.
13. Financial Institutions
Key Topics:
a. Types and Functions of Financial Institutions
- Traditional Institutions (e.g., Moneylenders, Cooperatives).
- Formal Financial Institutions:
- Central Bank – Issuer of currency, lender of last resort, regulator of monetary policy.
- Commercial Banks – Accepting deposits, granting loans, facilitating transactions.
- Development Banks – Financing industrial and agricultural projects.
- Microfinance Banks – Providing financial services to small businesses.
- Insurance Companies – Risk management and financial protection.
- Stock Exchange – Facilitating trading in securities.
b. Roles of Financial Institutions in Economic Development
- Providing capital for businesses.
- Regulating inflation and money supply.
- Facilitating savings and investments.
- Encouraging foreign investment.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Identify types and functions of financial institutions.
- Explain the roles of financial institutions in economic growth and stability.
- Evaluate the impact of financial institutions on businesses and households.
14. Public Finance
Key Topics:
a. Meaning and Objectives of Public Finance
- Definition and scope of public finance.
- Objectives: Revenue generation, resource allocation, economic stability.
b. Fiscal Policy and Its Instruments
- Taxation, public expenditure, borrowing, budgetary policies.
- Role of fiscal policy in economic growth and development.
c. Sources of Government Revenue
- Taxes (direct and indirect).
- Royalties, rents, grants, and foreign aids.
d. Principles of Taxation
- Equity, certainty, convenience, efficiency.
e. Tax Incidence and Its Effects
- Progressive, regressive, and proportional taxation.
- Effects on income distribution and business operations.
f. Effects of Public Expenditure on the Economy
- Capital vs. recurrent expenditure.
- Impact on economic growth, inflation, employment.
g. Government Budget and Public Debt
- Types of budgets: Surplus, deficit, balanced.
- Domestic and external debt implications.
h. Revenue Allocation and Resource Control in Nigeria
- Federal, state, and local government revenue sharing formula.
- Debates on resource control and fiscal federalism.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Explain the objectives of public finance.
- Analyze fiscal policy and its instruments.
- Compare various sources of government revenue.
- Interpret the principles and effects of taxation.
- Assess the impact of public expenditure on the economy.
- Examine the implications of different budget types.
- Evaluate the criteria for revenue allocation in Nigeria.
15. Economic Growth and Development
Key Topics:
a. Meaning and Scope of Economic Growth and Development
- Differences between growth and development.
- Measuring economic growth (GDP, GNP).
b. Indicators of Economic Growth and Development
- Standard of living, literacy rate, life expectancy, employment levels.
c. Factors Affecting Economic Growth and Development
- Natural resources, capital formation, human resources, technology, infrastructure.
d. Problems of Development in Nigeria
- Poverty, corruption, unemployment, poor infrastructure, weak institutions.
e. Development Planning in Nigeria
- Past and present economic development plans.
- Challenges facing development planning.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Differentiate economic growth from economic development.
- Identify key indicators of growth and development.
- Analyze factors influencing economic growth.
- Examine challenges to development in Nigeria.
- Evaluate the effectiveness of development planning in Nigeria.
16. Agriculture in Nigeria
Key Topics:
a. Types and Features of Agriculture
- Subsistence vs. commercial farming.
- Crop farming, livestock production, fisheries, forestry.
b. Role of Agriculture in Economic Development
- Employment generation.
- Source of raw materials for industries.
- Contribution to GDP and export earnings.
c. Problems of Agriculture in Nigeria
- Low productivity, inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, climate change.
d. Agricultural Policies and Their Effects
- Land Use Act, Operation Feed the Nation, Green Revolution.
- Recent government initiatives in agriculture.
e. Instability in Agricultural Incomes
- Causes: Seasonal variations, price fluctuations, climate impact.
- Effects: Income uncertainty, rural poverty, food insecurity.
- Solutions: Diversification, insurance, price stabilization policies.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Identify various types and features of agriculture.
- Assess the role of agriculture in economic growth.
- Analyze the major challenges facing agriculture.
- Evaluate the impact of agricultural policies in Nigeria.
- Propose solutions to agricultural income instability.
17. Industry and Industrialization
Key Topics:
a. Concepts and Effects of Location and Localization of Industry in Nigeria
- Definition of location and localization of industry.
- Advantages and disadvantages of localization.
- Factors influencing industrial location.
b. Strategies and Industrialization in Nigeria
- Import substitution and export promotion.
- Government policies on industrialization.
c. Industrialization and Economic Development in Nigeria
- Role of industries in job creation, GDP growth, and technology advancement.
- Effects of industrialization on economic transformation.
d. Funding and Management of Business Organizations
- Sources of funds (equity, loans, grants, government support).
- Challenges in business management.
e. Factors Determining the Size of Firms
- Capital, technology, market size, government policy.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Differentiate between location and localization of industry.
- Identify factors influencing industrial location.
- Examine industrialization strategies in Nigeria.
- Assess the role of industries in economic development.
- Evaluate challenges in business management and funding.
18. Natural Resources and the Nigerian Economy
Key Topics:
a. Development of Major Natural Resources
- Petroleum, gold, diamond, timber, etc.
- History and evolution of natural resource exploitation.
b. Contributions of Oil and Non-Oil Sectors to the Nigerian Economy
- Impact on GDP, foreign exchange, employment.
- Comparison of oil and non-oil revenue sources.
c. Linkage Effects
- Interconnections between natural resources and other sectors.
d. Upstream and Downstream Activities in the Oil Sector
- Exploration, production, refining, marketing, and distribution.
e. The Role of NNPC and OPEC in the Oil Sector
- Functions of NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation).
- OPEC’s role in global oil pricing and production control.
f. Challenges Facing Natural Resource Exploitation
- Environmental degradation, resource mismanagement, economic dependency.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Trace the development of major natural resources in Nigeria.
- Assess the contributions of oil and non-oil sectors.
- Establish linkages between natural resources and other sectors.
- Analyze the environmental effects of exploitation activities.
- Differentiate between upstream and downstream activities in the oil sector.
- Examine the roles of NNPC and OPEC.
- Suggest solutions to the challenges of resource exploitation.
19. Business Organizations
Key Topics:
a. Private Enterprises
- Types: Sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability companies, cooperative societies.
- Characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages.
b. Problems of Private Enterprises
- Limited capital, poor management, competition, government policies.
c. Public Enterprises and Their Problems
- Definition, types, and challenges of public corporations.
d. Funding and Management of Business Organizations
- Sources of capital, government grants, private investment.
e. Factors Determining the Size of Firms
- Availability of capital, market size, economies of scale.
f. Privatization and Commercialization
- Definitions and differences.
- Advantages and disadvantages.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Compare types and features of private business organizations.
- Assess the financing and management challenges of businesses.
- Identify features and problems of public enterprises.
- Examine factors influencing firm size.
- Differentiate between privatization and commercialization.
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of privatization and commercialization.
20. Population
Key Topics:
a. Meaning and Theories of Population
- Definition of population.
- Malthusian, demographic transition, and optimum population theories.
b. Census: Importance and Problems
- Definition and purpose of population census.
- Challenges of conducting a census in Nigeria.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Analyze key population theories.
- Examine their relevance to Nigeria.
- Explain the importance and challenges of conducting a census.
20. Population (Continued)
Key Topics:
c. Size and Growth of Population
- Concepts of over-population, under-population, and optimum population.
- Factors influencing population size and growth.
d. Structure and Distribution of Population
- Age, sex, occupational structure.
- Rural-urban migration and its effects.
e. Population and Economic Development
- Impacts of population growth on economic development.
- Advantages and disadvantages of population growth.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Examine the uses and limitations of census data.
- Identify determinants of size, composition, and growth of the population.
- Analyze population structure and distribution.
- Appraise Nigeria’s population policies.
21. International Trade
Key Topics:
a. Meaning and Basis for International Trade
- Definition of international trade.
- Absolute and comparative cost advantages.
b. Balance of Trade and Balance of Payments
- Definitions and differences.
- Problems and corrective measures (e.g., devaluation, export promotion).
c. Composition and Direction of Nigeria’s Foreign Trade
- Major exports and imports.
- Trading partners and their significance.
d. Exchange Rate: Meaning, Types, and Determination
- Fixed, floating, and managed exchange rates.
- Factors influencing exchange rate determination.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Examine the basis for international trade.
- Differentiate between absolute and comparative cost advantages.
- Distinguish between balance of trade and balance of payments.
- Highlight problems of balance of payments and their corrective measures.
- Examine the composition and direction of Nigeria’s foreign trade.
- Identify types of exchange rates.
- Examine how exchange rates are determined.
22. International Economic Organizations
Key Topics:
- Roles and relevance of major international organizations:
- ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States).
- AU (African Union).
- EU (European Union).
- ECA (Economic Commission for Africa).
- IMF (International Monetary Fund).
- EEC (European Economic Community).
- OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development).
- World Bank and IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development).
- WTO (World Trade Organization).
- ADB (African Development Bank).
- UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development).
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Identify various international economic organizations and their functions.
- Evaluate their relevance to the Nigerian economy.
23. Factors of Production and Their Theories
Key Topics:
a. Types, Features, and Rewards of Factors of Production
- Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
- Rewards: Rent, wages, interest, and profit.
b. Determination of Wages, Interest, and Profits
- Factors affecting wage determination.
- The role of demand and supply in wage determination.
c. Theories of Factors of Production
- Marginal productivity theory of wages.
- Liquidity preference theory.
d. Factor Mobility and Efficiency
- Geographical and occupational mobility of factors.
- Ways to improve factor efficiency.
e. Unemployment and Its Solutions
- Types and causes of unemployment.
- Strategies for reducing unemployment.
Objectives:
Candidates should be able to:
- Identify the types, features, and rewards of factors of production.
- Analyze how wages, interest, and profits are determined.
- Interpret marginal productivity and liquidity preference theories.
- Examine factor mobility and efficiency.
- Examine the types and causes of unemployment in Nigeria.
- Suggest solutions to unemployment in Nigeria.
See also:
- JAMB Commerce Syllabus 2025 UTME and Recommended Textbooks
- JAMB Christian Religious Studies Syllabus 2025 and Textbooks
- JAMB Chemistry Syllabus for 2025 UTME | Recommended Textbooks
- JAMB Biology Syllabus 2025 | Full Topics & Recommended Textbooks
Recommended Texts for JAMB Economics 2025
- Aderinto, A.A., et al. (1996) Economics: Exam Focus, Ibadan: University Press Plc.
- Black, J. (1997) Oxford Dictionary of Economics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Eyiyere, D.O. (1980) Economics Made Easy, Benin City: Quality Publishers Ltd.
- Fajana, F., et al. (1999) Countdown to SSCE/JME Economics, Ibadan: Evans.
- Falodun, A.B., et al. (1997) Round-Up Economics, Lagos: Longman.
- Koutsoyiannis, A. (1979) Modern Microeconomics, London: Macmillan.
- Lipsey, R.G. (1997) An Introduction to Positive Economics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Samuelson, P., & Nordhaus, W. (1989) Economics, Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
- Udu, E., & Agu, G.A. (2005) New System Economics: A Senior Secondary Course, Ibadan: Africana FIRST Publishers Ltd.
- Wonnacott, P., & Wonnacott, R. (1979) Economics, New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Brownson-Oton, Richard (2010) What is Micro-Economics?, Niky Printing and Publishing Co.
- Brownson-Oton, Richard (2010) What is Macro-Economics?, Niky Printing and Publishing Co.
This list includes essential textbooks covering microeconomics, macroeconomics, and applied economics for JAMB Economics 2025